What is a lot or microlot in coffee?

A coffee lot is a homogeneous quantity of green coffee from the same origin, processed identically and presenting a coherent sensory profile. A microlot is a very small lot — generally fewer than 20 bags of 60kg (less than 1.2 tonnes) — from a specific plot, selective harvest or experimental processing on a farm or cooperative. The small size of a microlot reflects more rigorous selection and a more precise aromatic profile.

The distinction between lot and microlot is not strictly codified in the profession, but a general convention has been established: a 'commercial lot' often exceeds 20 to 50 bags (1.2 to 3 tonnes), while a microlot is below 10-20 bags. Some specialty roasters even speak of 'nanolots' for lots below 5 bags, or even 1-2 bags.

The interest of a microlot for roaster and consumer is multiple. First, plot-level selection: on the same farm, different plots (altitude, exposure, variety) can produce radically different profiles. By identifying and separating the best plots, the producer can access much higher prices. Second, maximum traceability: a microlot can be traced to picking date, picker's name, GPS plot, processing type — a level of documentation comparable to a Bordeaux grand cru.

Producing microlots requires specific investments: lot separation at the farm (dedicated fermenters, drying tables), intensive hand sorting, individual lot quality analysis (separate cupping), and distinct export logistics. These additional costs explain why microlots sell at prices two to ten times above standard commercial lots.

In specialty coffee commerce, microlots often appear on packaging with precise labelling: 'Plot A, altitude 1850m, 72h anaerobic fermentation, October 2025 harvest'. This nomenclature, resembling that of fine wines, signals to the informed consumer that they are facing a unique, traced and documented terroir product. In Belgium, a handful of avant-garde roasters offer microlots in very limited quantities, often sold out within weeks to a connoisseur clientele who follow their releases with the same attention a collector gives to a wine estate.

Commercial lot vs microlot vs nanolot